In order to predict the behavior of soil-related phenomena, it is necessary to have knowledge about unsaturated flow and using models that provide optimal estimates of the retention curve and hydraulic conductivity of soils. Despite the widespread use of the classic van Genuchten-Mualem model (VGM), this model usually performs poorly in predicting hydraulic conductivity and modification of some of its parameters seems necessary. In this research, 283 soils from different textures of the UNSODA bank were selected and divided into two sections of calibration and validation and their soil parameters were exported and categorized. Then, by defining the modified unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksc) instead of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and determining the limits for l and n parameters, the hydraulic conductivity-moisture function of VGM were solved using 24600 pairs of points li and nj for each soil of the three main soil texture classes. In the following, the optimal l value (l̂) of each texture class was selected based on the minimum value of the hydraulic conductivity estimation error using the root mean square error (RMSE) index and the n values that had created the minimum errors, were selected as the optimal pore size distribution coefficients of the hydraulic conductivity-moisture function (n̂opt). In order to create pedotransfer functions for estimating n̂opt, we ran stepwise regression in MATLAB software considering the condition of statistical significance (P-value=0.05) for independent variables and functions for each soil texture class. After creating pedotransfer functions, the results of the proposed method of this research (MVGM) were compared with the VGM results using RMSE and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) indices. The results showed that in both sections of creation and validation functions, the MVGM performed better in estimating hydraulic conductivity and had a higher efficiency index in all textural classes of soil.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the methods for treating breast cancer is radiotherapy using low-kV X-rays in which a dedicated device called INTRABEAM is used along with a few spherical applicators for breast radiation. Due to the single-session nature of this treatment, evaluating the accuracy of the device used for treatment is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric parameters of the INTRABEAM system with spherical applicators and validate the reported results for clinical use in intraoperative radiotherapy for breast tumors. METHODS: In this study, dosimetric parameters including percentage depth dose curve (PDD), transfer function (TF) and anisotropy were determined by MCNPX Monte Carlo Simulation Tool and practical dosimetry was done by Gafchromic EBT2 film. The results were quantitatively compared with the results reported by manufacturer of the device (Carl Zeiss) to evaluate the accuracy of the reported data for this treatment system. FINDINGS: The mean difference when comparing PDD curves was 1. 7% and the mean difference between the compared TF values was about 2%. The anisotropy values obtained by Monte Carlo Simulation and Gafchromic EBT2 film were also within the range recommended by the manufacturer. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the dosimetric parameters reported by the manufacturer for spherical applicators of the INTRABEAM system are valid for designing the treatment and radiotherapy for patients.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstand both dynamic and static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the effects of earthquakes on underground structures and the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated and by using Plaxis 2D software and based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight and modulus of elasticity was carried out, and the parameters whose changes have the greatest and least effects on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, and surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect and cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between body weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.

Nowadays the demand for reducing pollutant emissions and fuel consumption have paved the way of developing more fuel-efficient power generation system for transportation sector. Micro gas turbine (MGT) system can be an alternative to internal combustion reciprocating engine due to its light-weight and less fuel consumption. In this paper, some major running and operating characteristics of MGT are evaluated for the validation of the system for range extender electric truck. First noise characteristic of the system are investigated, then performance at high ambient temperature and variation of electrical output with and without the use of air filtration are investigated. The noise characteristics of MGT are different from diesel engine. At lower rpm and lower operating temperature, the electrical output of the system increases rapidly. All the found results are either compared with other systems or validated by comparing with the data provided by the manufacturer where necessary. The emission characteristics of MGT are different from other reciprocating engines. With the increase of power output the emissions of MGT reduces significantly. Finally, some noise reduction methods are recommended.